Breeding Regulations

Breeding regulations of the association “Amerikanische Collies Europa e.V.“  (“American Collies Europe”)

I. Purpose of breeding

Purpose of the association “American Collies Europe" is the preservation and promotion of the American Collie in Europe, according to the American breed standard, with its specific appearance, nature, properties, and in particular its variety of colors and sizes, while promoting health values and genetic diversity at the same time.

 

II. Organization of the breeding system (breeding register)

1. Studbook office

The studbook office of "American Collies Europe" is led by the breed manager (main breed warden / studbook responsible). The breed manager shall be elected by the General Assembly. The breed manager belongs to the board of the association "American Collies Europe". He maintains the studbook.

 

The studbook office centrally records all relevant breeding data of "American Collies Europe", such as all kennels, breeders, stud dogs, bitches and litters. The individual dogs are registered with all relevant data, such as full name, studbook number, microchip number, date of birth, gender, coat length (smooth or rough), color, DNA profile number, health values, titles, championships, name and address of the breeder and the name and address of the owner including contact data. Dates of mating, birth dates of litters and ancestors are recorded as well as size of litters - including all living or stillborn puppies as well as puppies that died later. Additionally any peculiarities and abnormalities of individual puppies or the mother dog as well as caesarean sections (including reason). The studbook office creates the pedigrees, records and checks breeding applications, notifications of mating, remains emptyand litters. It conducts the litter acceptance and cares for international protection of kennel names at the association.

 

 2. Breeding commission 

The breeding commission is constituted during the foundation assembly. It consists of the breed manager, the breed warden and the breed warden candidates as well as the first and second chairman plus one stud dog representative and one breeder representative. Each of these commits himself to regular further education. Regular meetings are scheduled and information is exchanged on a frequent basis. This can also be done by electronic means.

Members interested in becoming a breed warden candidate can apply for that anytime with the breeding manager. The breeding commission will appoint breed warden candidates after having checked their application and will conduct training courses for them. The breeding commission prepares a special examination procedure for the breed warden candidates. Breed warden candidates who passed that examination are nominated as breed wardens by the breed manager.

The breeding commission analyzes the data maintained by the studbook office and develops breeding strategies. Criteria for dog breeding license and litter control are checked and if necessary altered or complemented. The breeding commission suggests changes to the breeding regulations which are subsequently presented at the General Assembly. The General Assembly decides about acceptance or refusal of these changes by the majority. The breeding commission is authorized to carry out short-term changes to the breeding regulations, which are then put to the vote at the next regular general meeting.

The breeding commission organizes continuing education, seminars and conferences on the subject of breeding, gives advice to breeders and certifies kennels. It also checks whether participation in current research studies is reasonable and issues appropriate recommendations.

The breeding commission checks whether all requirements for a dog breeding license are met by breeding candidates and decides on their acceptance by the majority. The breeding commission can decide on certain restrictions in breeding by the majority, e.g. if defects occur that would actually exclude from breeding or if serious genetic defects occur in the offspring of a bitch or a stud dog.

The breeding commission creates and revises a list that contains recognized experts on HD- and ED, special ophthalmologists and laboratories and central dog registers for each European country relevant for breading on a frequent basis.

The breeding commission creates and revises all forms, templates and sheets relevant for application, acceptance, notification, control, certification and examination according to the breeding regulations.

 

3. Breed warden

The breed manager assigns the breed warden with the tasks of kennel and litter control according to the breeding regulations. These inspections are documented on specific templates and forwarded immediately to the studbook office. Every peculiarity and anomaly is documented.

 

III.  Breeders and stud dog owners

Certified breeders of our association "American Collies Europe" have the reputation of high quality breeding, following the motto "quality matters more than quantity." Therefore breeder applicants have to pass a breeder qualifying examination. The breeding commission develops an association specific internal breeding exam, which is implemented promptly and mandatory for new breeder applicants. All breeders are expected to improve their skills and to increase and update their knowledge on a regular basis. This of course applies to owners of stud dogs as well. For that reason, the club offers internal and external possibilities for further education.

Everybody who wants to breed in "American Collies Europe" has to register with the studbook office. New breeder applicants and stud dog owners have to be at least 18 years old and have to be a member of the "American Collies Europe."

Every breeder and stud dog owner is obliged to maintain his own studbook. Templates for these are also available at the studbook office of "American Collies Europe." They have to be kept up to date and complete. All information has to be forwarded to the studbook office immediately. Breeders and stud dog owners are obliged to meet all requirements of the breeding regulations in due time. Applications and announcements can be sent by electronic means if breeders and stud dog owners have the ability to print, fill in, sign and rescan documents to send them back to the studbook office. They will receive a receipt confirmation in turn. In case no receipt confirmation is sent, the sender has to check the issue. Should sending by electronic means not be possible, mail has to be used instead. This also applies for anybody that does not have the technical prerequisites to print, scan and send emails.

 

IV. Kennels

Breeding kennels that breed according to the guidelines of the association “American Collies Europe” receive the title: “Certified Kennel of the Association of American Collies Europe.” The association has developed a special badge that breeders can use on their web sites. All dogs in the house must live appropriate to the breed together with their owners in the living area, with sufficient daily walks, time outside in the yard or garden etc. Keeping dogs purely in kennels is not acceptable. Of course, the dogs must have water available at any time and must be fed regularly and sufficiently with food of high quality.

At the end of pregnancy the bitch has to be provided with a quiet area indoors, which is sunlit during the day and has a maintainable well-regulated temperature (at least 18°C). The whelping box in this area must have a size of 2-3m². A heating lamp has to be provided to be used when necessary. While growing up, the puppies increase their activity radius and the size of their area has to be increased step by step according to their needs. By the age of four weeks their area inside must be at least 7,5m².

With five weeks of age at latest, the puppies need to be able to access an outdoor enclosure at least once a day. This area must not to be smaller than 12m² and with six weeks of age it must not be smaller than 24m². The older the puppies get the more time they should spend outdoors, up to several hours a day if weather conditions permit. During this time, the puppies have to be able to protect themselves against too much sun, rain or moisture and must have the possibility to remain in the shade. For this, a protected area is needed, which should be at least 2,5m² to offer sufficient space for the bitch as well as for the puppies. The whole place has to be set up safely, so no dog gets injured. The ground should offer different surfaces (i.e.: bedding, grass, flagstone, sand and maybe also tiles, linoleum… etc.). Indoors and outdoors, a good level of hygiene must be maintained at all times, e.g. floor and ground spaces must be cleaned very regularly.

Well-balanced nutrition with several meals a day and constantly available water are self-evident as soon as the puppies are able to eat and drink by themselves. 24-hour care is a basic requirement during the first weeks. The puppies should be raised in close contact with the breeder’s family, to become familiar with everyday life in a normal household without exposing them to too much stress. In order to prepare for their later life, various places to slip throughs, wobbly, elevated and shiny surfaces must be offered, as well as fluttering, rustling and in the wind moving environmental stimuli, as well as toys that change according to their age. Everything is of course safely tailored to the puppies.

 

Breeding kennels adhering to these guidelines can apply for a kennel name at the studbook office. The association "American Herding Dogs Europe" will protect this name internationally. The name has to be clearly distinct to already existing names. A kennel name protection will only become final with the recognition of a breeding bitch in our club.

On the breeder homepage the logo of our association must be led. If the breeder ends his breeding under our club, it must be removed immediately. When changing to another club, it must also be noted that the breed is managed under the new club and no longer under the AC e.V ..
 
On the associations website you can list active breeding sites of the AC e.V. can be listed together with their breeding bitches recognized by the AC e.V. The same applies to stud dog owners and their stud dogs. This requires that breeders such as stud dog owners are members of our association AC e.V.. Listed website links to the respective breeder or stud dog homepages must refer to the kennel or stud dog. If this is not the case, the association reserves the right to remove the link. Listed mail addresses must also be edited accordingly and not be ignored for weeks. If this is not the case, the association reserves the right to remove the breeder or stud dog owner and his dogs from the homepage. The same applies to late payments and not up to date kept homepages or neglected mail addresses. The breeding committee decides by a majority. A resumption of the associations homepage is subject to a charge. In principle, only breeding bitches and stud dogs are presented on our club website whose owners are fully committed to our club, i.e. do not breed under another club, for example, but want to present their stud dogs to us. We are striving to keep our associations homepage up to date. Delays are possible. There is no legal claim. Likewise the exchange of photos from time to time is possible only in the context of the reasonableness and feasibility of the honorary activities of the commissioned person. If a dog is removed of the breed, even temporarily, then the stud book office has to be informed immediately.

A new breeding kennel will then be administrated as "Preliminary Kennel of the Association of American Collies Europe." While breeding, latest during litter check, all prerequisites will be controlled by a representative of the association „American Collies Europe“. Only then the title “Certified Kennel of the Association of American Collies Europe” will be granted as a special predicate. The breeding kennels will be controlled on a regular basis whether they comply with all requirements to continue carrying this title. The studbook office has to be notified about any changes to the breeding kennel immediately, e.g. regarding accommodation or supply. Slight breaches of the breeding guidelines can be reworked. Larger breaches will result in an entry to the pedigree “Not according to the studbook”. Serious breaches will result in an exclusion from breeding. Only certified kennels will receive documents for their puppies. On site reviews by a representative of the association “American Collies Europe“ can occur at any time and the representative must be granted immediate access.

 

 V. Breeding dogs

To receive a breeding license, the breeding candidates have to comply with several quality and health specifications. All results have to be made available for the studbook office in copy.

Appearance:

They have to conform to the original breed standard for American Collies in accordance with the guidelines of the AKC (American Kennel Club).

Character:

The dogs must have a flawless character that is typical for the breed. The character is checked by representatives of the breeding commission headed by the breeding director.

Pedigree:

They must have a pedigree accepted by "American Collies Europe"

Condition:

Not only the breeding candidates, but also all other dogs living in the same home must be in excellent grooming, nutrition, and health condition.

Health certificate:

For the breeding candidate an up-to-date veterinary health certification is required (special form).

Identification:

Each breeding candidate must be identifiable through an implanted microchip.

Bite:

Each breeding dog should have a complete scissor bite. This is proven through the above mentioned health certificate (special form).

HD-examination:

All breeding candidates have to be X-rayed for HD at the age of at least 15 months. An American Collies Europe-approved examination authority must judge the x-rays (special forms). Only Collies that are HD unaffected with the result HD A or HD B can receive a breeding license.

ED-examination:

All breeding candidates have to be X-rayed for ED at the age of at least 15 months. An American Collies Europe-approved examination authority must judge the x-rays (special forms). Only Collies that are ED unaffected, with the results 0 or ED-border liner can receive a breeding license. Dogs originating from another association that have already been X-rayed for HD can be excluded from the examination obligation for ED, if the ED examination has not been mandatory at this time in the other association.

LÜW-examination:

All breeding candidates must be X-rayed for LÜW at the age of at least 15 months. An American Collies Europe-approved examination authority must judge the x-rays (special forms). In most cases, the area of the lumbar transitional vertebra is clearly visible on the HD X-ray images. Where this is not the case, an additional x-ray must be made. Dogs originating from another association that have already been X-rayed for HD can be excluded from the examination obligation for LÜW, if the LÜW examination has not been mandatory at this time in the other association. The aim is that only Collies with the results LÜW type 0 or 1 can receive a breeding license.

Eye examination:

An Ophthalmologist (eye-specialist) of the ECVO (including DOK) or ACVO for hereditary eye-diseases, like RD, CEA, PRA and KAT, must have examined all breeding candidates. The Ophthalmologist must be one that is explicitly accepted by the “American Collies Europe”. Only dogs that are free from inherited eye disease will receive a breeding license. An exception applies to CEA-CH (Chorioretinal hypoplasia) or MPP (PPM) affected dogs who can receive a breeding license if their vision is not impaired. Nevertheless, they must not be mated with other dogs that are CEA-CH affected.

MDR1:

The exact genetic status must be determined. This means that the breeding candidate must have been genetically tested for MDR1 or the genetic status must be clearly detectable through the parenthood. At least one mating partner must be genetically free (non-carrier): MDR1 +/+ or N/N.

DM (Exon2-SOD1):

The exact genetic status must be determined. This means that the breeding candidate must have been genetically tested for the risk factor, the mutation "Exon 2" in the SOD1-gene or the genetic status must be clearly detectable through the parenthood. At least one mating partner must be genetically free (non-carrier): DM (Exon2) +/+ or N/N.

CEA:

The exact genetic status must be determined (note: special restrictions when choosing a laboratory). This means the breeding candidate must have been genetically tested for CEA or the genetic status must be clearly detectable through the parenthood. CEA-affected dogs can only receive a breeding license if their vision is not impaired. Nevertheless, they must not be mated with other dogs that are CEA affected. Ideally, they should only be bred with non-carriers, i.e. CEA +/+ or N/N.

rcd2-PRA:

The exact genetic status must be determined. This means that the breeding candidate must have been genetically tested for rcd2-PRA or the genetic status must be clearly detectable through the parenthood. At least one mating partner must be genetically free (non-carrier): (rcd2) PRA +/+ or N/N.

GCS:

Ideally, the exact genetic status should be determined. This means that the breeding candidate should have been genetically tested for GCS or the genetic status can be clearly detectable through the parenthood. At least one mating partner must be genetically free (non-carrier): GCS +/+ or N/N.

DMS:

This test is strongly recommended (note: special restrictions when choosing a laboratory), even if it is still voluntary, if one mating partner can prove a genetically low risk of DMS aa bb. Otherwise, both matinging partners must have been genetically tested for DMS, to ensure that no high-risk puppies may be born (AA Bb, Aa BB, AA BB). These mating partner must have been genetically tested for DMS, or the genetic status must be clearly detectable through the parenthood. Ideally, collies with higher risk should only be bred collies with a lower risk.

IPD:

This test is currently voluntary, as the defect has only occurred in British lines so far, but there is always the risk of introducing through cross-breeding and the residual risks from British ancestors. Here too, ideally at least one mating partner should be genetically free (non-carrier): IPD +/+ or N/N. This mating partner must have been genetically tested for IPD, or the genetic status must be clearly detectable through the parenthood. If the risk situation worsens, the next stage is immediately initiated, at which one mating partner must be genetically tested for IPD, or the genetic status must be clearly detectable through the parenthood. Then must one mating partner be genetically free (non-carrier): IPD +/+ or N/N. In general, efforts are made to ensure that Collies are tested with a possibly increased risk.

MH:

This is a voluntary test, because the defect it is very rare. One mating partner should be, ideally, genetically free (non-carrier): MH +/+ or N/N. This mating partner must have been genetically tested for MH, or the genetic status must be clearly detectable through the parenthood.

HUU:

This is avoluntary test, because the defect is very rare. One mating partner should be, ideally, genetically free (non-carrier): HUU +/+ or N/N. This mating partner must have been genetically tested for HUU, or the genetic status must be clearly detectable through the parenthood. In the past, HUU was listed under the name SLC.

Gene profile:

In addition, a genetic profile of each breeding candidate must be created to enable clear evidence of parenthood later on.

All genetic examinations - whether of the breeding candidate itself or through parenthood - must have been performed by an examination authority explicitly accepted by the association “American Collies Europe”.

The breeding license must be requested at the studbook office accompanied by all requested documents, together with the completed application Request - Breeding License (special form). The latter must be completed in the Word program by the club member and E-mailed to the studbook office as a Word file. Additionally every breeding candidate has to be presented to a representative of the association “American Collies Europe” and will be checked for breeding ability. Finally, the breeding commission will decide on the breeding license by the majority.

Defects leading to breeding disqualification:

Chronic diseases, hereditary defects, heart defects, epilepsy, autoimmune diseases, kinky tails, monorchism, cryptorchidism, hereditary skeletal deformations, lip-, jaw- and palate-cleft, hereditary eye diseases like Cataract and PRA (except CEA-CH and MPP/PPM, each without vision impairment), blindness, deafness, albinism, hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, considerable dental flaws, considerable jaw anomalies (e.g. considerable overshot and undershot), considerable aggressiveness and overanxious nature. Should such defects become evident later, the breeding license will be denied.

 

Acceptation of breeding dogs from other associations

Collies that have been accepted as breeding dogs by other reputable associations can also be accepted by the association “American Collies Europe”, provided they conform to the breed standard and have an immaculate character. Furthermore they have to comply with the same quality and health requirements as the associations own breeding dogs. These include:

- Identification by microchip

- should have a complete scissor bite

- Radiological examination on HD, ED and LÜW. Dogs originating from another association that have already been X-rayed for HD can be excluded from the examination obligation for ED and LÜW, if the ED and LÜW examination has not been mandatory at this time in the other association.

- Eye examination by a specialized ophthalmologist that has been accredited by the association "American Collies Europe" of the ECVO (including DOK) or ACVO

- Genetic tests from a recognized laboratory (note that there are restrictions, especially with CEA & DMS):

    -  MDR1

    -  DM (Exon 2)

    -  (rcd2) PRA

    -  CEA

    -  DMS (if the breeding partner does not have the status aa bb)

    -  Genetic Profile

    Ideally also:

   - GCS

    Voluntary, but nevertheless useful, because otherwise there may be some breeding restrictions by the matings:

    - IPD

    - MH

    - HUU 

All results must be clearly provable and presented upon request. The dogs must have a complete pedigree that at least reaches back for three generations. The health values must be proved by particular certificates. The Breeding License has to be applied by the studbook office, together with all required documents and the completed application Request - Breeding License (special form). The latter must be completed in the Word program by the club member and E-mailed to the studbook office as a Word file. Concluding, the breeding commission decides by a majority decision on the acceptance.

 VI. Breed Steering Programs

X-ray program:

In order to receive reliable X-ray results for HD, ED and LÜW, all breeding candidates must present an X-ray evaluation by an appropriate specialist from the GRSK e.V. (Society for X-ray diagnostics of hereditary skeletal diseases in small animals). Currently this is Dr. Witteborg, founding member of GRSK and special evaluator for collies.

HD (hip dysplasia):

Hip dysplasia is a malformation of one or both hips. Fortunately the American Collie is not a breed that is largely affected by HD; almost all of them have HD A. To maintain this situation, only dogs that are not affected by HD and have been radiologically examined as being HD A (free) or HD B (borderliner) are accepted for breeding. At least one mating partner must have achieved the result HD A.

ED (elbow dysplasia):

ED summarizes several malformations of the elbow. Here again, the American Collie is not a breed that is largely affected by ED; almost all of them have ED 0. Only dogs that have radiologically been examined as being not affected by ED – with the results ED 0 or ED border liner – are accepted for breeding. At least one mating partner must have achieved the result ED 0, if the dogs have been radiologically examined. ED examination is not mandatory for accepted dogs originating from another association, if they already were X-rayed for HD and the ED examination has not been mandatory at that time in the other association. This is because they should not be exposed to the risk of anesthesia for X-raying, as low as this risk may be. New breeding candidates though should have the ED and LÜW examination ideally together with the X-raying for HD. 

LÜW (lumbar transition vertebrae):

LÜW means changes in the area of ​​the lumbar transitional vertebra. The primary concern is data collection in connection with the GRSK. However, the goal is that collies are only bred from, if they are free of the relevant health restrictions, i.e. LÜW 0 (free) or LÜW 1 (transitional type). At least one mating partner should have achieved the result LÜW 0, if the dogs have been radiologically examined.  When mating LÜW-X-rayed dogs, at least one parent should have achieved the result of LÜW 0. LÜW examination is not mandatory for accepted dogs originating from another association, if they already were x-rayed for HD and the LÜW examination has not been mandatory at that time in the other association. This si because they should not be exposed to the risk of anesthesia for X-raying, as low as this risk may be. New breeding candidates though should have the LÜW examination ideally together with the X-raying for HD. A good HD X-ray is usually sufficient for this. If not, an additional x-ray must be made. It is best to point this out to the X-ray doctor right away.

Eye examination:

An Ophthalmologist (eye-specialist) of the ECVO (including DOK) or ACVO for hereditary eye-diseases, like RD, CEA, PRA and KAT, must have examined all breeding candidates. The Ophthalmologist must be one that is explicitly accepted by the “American Collies Europe”. Only dogs that are free from inherited eye disease will receive a breeding license. An exception applies to CEA-CH (Chorioretinal hypoplasia) or MPP (PPM) affected dogs who can receive a breeding license if their vision is not impaired. Nevertheless, they must not be mated with other dogs that are CEA-CH affected.

MPP (Membrana Pupillaris Persistens):

 

During the embryonic phase the eye is covered with a fine membrane. This recedes until the eyes open up. But sometimes small tissue remnants remain. These are called MPP (or PPM = persistent pupillary membrane) and can be found among many breeds. Usually they are rather marginal among collies and do not lead to a restriction of visual capacity. These dogs can be accepted for breeding, but it is recommended to mate them only to MPP unaffected dogs.

 

MDR1 (Multi-Drug-Resistance):

This intolerance for multiple drugs is very common amongst herding dogs and thus this is also the case for collies. Usually unaffected genes cover affected ones. It's different here, because MDR1 carriers (MDR1 +/-) can also react a little more sensitively to some medications and anesthetics. The treating veterinarian should always be informed about the respective MDR1 status. When the puppies MDR1 status is not finally determined by parenthood, every puppy must be genetically testet. So the exact MDR1 status is always determined for every puppy. For the American Collie we fortunately have a large genetic pool of healthy genes in Europe. For that reason at least one mating partner must have a status of being genetically unaffected of MDR (MDR1+/+). By this, the birth of MDR1 affected puppies can completely be prevented within the association "American Collies Europe"!

DM (Canine degenerative myelopathy):

DM is an incurable disease of the nerve tracts with progressive signs of paralysis starting at the hind legs and the dogs being fully conscious. Unfortunately it is yet unknown which genes are responsible for this in particular. However, the risk factor Exon2-mutation in the SOD1-gene has been detected by all tested collies suffering from DM. Due to the large genetic pool of healthy genes we decided that at least one mating partner must be genetically unaffected of DM (DM (Exon2) +/+, respectively N/N). By this, the birth of DM (Exon2) affected puppies can completely be prevented within the association “American Collies Europe”!

CEA (collie eye anomaly):

This comprises several stagnating genetic changes of the retina in the eye. This is very common amongst herding dogs, especially collies. It is assumed that approximately 67% of the collies are affected by a mild form of CEA (chorioretinal hypoplasia or CEA-1) which does not mean a restriction to visual capacity for most collies because the changes of the retina are comparably slight. These changes can often be verified best at the age of 6 – 8 weeks by an ophthalmologist. After this age the changes are often superimposed by pigments. Such dogs are also called “go normal”. Evidence can be achieved by CEA-CH genetic examination because all affected dogs are also genetically affected (CEA-/- respectively CEA/CEA). Approximately 13% of the affected collies have a coloboma with a key-hole shaped bulge at the visual nerve. Usually these changes are minor and restrictions to visual capacity are rare. Nevertheless these dogs are excluded from breeding as well as the in the end only 3% of the collies that suffer from the most severe form of CEA that is accompanied by internal bleedings sometimes as far as retinal detachment which inevitably results in blindness.

Because nobody wants this to happen, there is need for action. As so many dogs are affected, not all of them can be excluded from breeding as it would mean that only the remaining 33% would be available. If we additionally would only breed with MDR1 non-affected dogs, the available gene pool would drop to merely 2%. If additional factors would be included, we would end up at nearly 0%. This way we would not get very far. This is the reason why collies with a mild form of CEA are accepted for breeding if they do not have any restrictions to their visual capacity. Nevertheless, the mating of two of such dogs is not allowed as it unnecessarily increases the probability that the puppies come down with the severe form. Ideally, they should only be bred with non-carriers, i.e. CEA +/+ or N/N.As we have a rather good gene pool of singular healthy genes amongst the American Collies in the meantime, we can go as far as demanding that at least one partner be genetically unaffected (CEA+/+, respectively N/N) or at least be carrier (CEA+/-, respectively N/CEA). With this measure we could achieve to lower the risk for visual inabilities – depending on the particular mating partners – to a probability that lies between 0% and 1.5%! Since every puppy has an eye examination carried out by a specialist, the exact clinical status of each puppy is also determined before it is handed over.

rcd2-PRA (progressive retinal atrophy):

This widespread incurable heritable eye disease that affects many breeds gets increasingly worse and finally leads to blindness. The gene pool in Europe is sufficiently large in regards to the American Collie. Consequently one mating partner must be genetically unaffected (rcd2-PRA+/+, respectively N/N). By this, the birth of rcd2-PRA affected puppies can completely be prevented within the association "American Collies Europe"!

GCS (Gray Collie Syndrome):

This leads to a cyclical decrease of neutrophil granulocytes which are of very high importance for the immune defense. Affected dogs usually die early because of infections. Due to the large genetic pool of healthy genes, at least one mating partner must be genetically unaffected (GCS+/+, respectively N/N). By this, the birth of GCS affected puppies can completely be prevented within the association "American Collies Europe"!

DMS (Dermatomyositis)

DMS is an autoimmune disease, similar to JDM (Juvenile Dermatomyositis) among humans. DMS primarily appears among Shelties and Collies every now and then. Crusty lesions evolve on protruding bones that are sparsely covered with muscles, especially in the face, on the tip of the tail and on the legs. The skin is sometimes flaky, reddens and the fur falls out. It is typical that the affected regions do not itch, especially in the early stages before a secondary infection appears. Wounds heal in mild cases, although most of the times spots remain changed for a long period of time, shaped by dark or stained pigmentation and ongoing loss of hair. In serious cases, muscles are affected to such an extent that e.g. drinking or eating (chewing and swallowing) becomes increasingly harder as well as walking (muscles of the feet and the legs). Humans experience a pain that reminds of sore muscles. Dogs are often susceptible to infections (fungal, bacterial, viral), especially during an immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment is very often difficult, despite the fact that they are caused by germs that would not even harm a healthy dog. Sensitivities of the gastrointestinal tract may occur too. In later stages, dogs may lose single claws that usually grow again later.Genetic modifications and environmental factors play an essential role. The skin lesions seem to be triggered by stress factors like virus diseases, vaccinations or traumatic experiences. Hormone changes can have an intensifying effect (bitches: heat, pregnancy, false pregnancy / male dogs: hormonal boosts), vaccinations (overly extensive vaccinations, leptospirosis, rabies), increased stress, likelihood of infection and intolerances (food, medication, allergens). DMS can break out at any age, but the most common breakout is during the first year of age. Good treatment success (but not complete cure) can be achieved by using Trental (Pentoxiphyllin), Vitamin E and in serious cases also steroids. Castration often helps if the dog reacts strongly to hormone changes. Preventive measure in cases of increased risk, is to avoid possibly amplifying triggers. Healthy nutrition without much chemical ingredients but with optimal composition can surely be supportive. Extensive vaccination (too often or too much in one go) can be prevented by testing the titer for the respective antibodies and only vaccinate when really necessary. Same is true for worm treatment where fecal samples can be tested.

The American research group led by Leigh Anne Clark and Jacquelyn Evans at Clemson University succeeded in developing a genetic test based on three risk factors that they discovered in connection with DMS (http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id= 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006604): As with JDM, immune system variants can promote an outbreak. In dogs, it is the MHC-II class leukocyte antigens, more specific the DLA genes (DLA-DRB1/-DQA1/-DQB1). They are coded in number combinations. Unfortunately, variations are very sparse among Collies. In the study, Collies almost without exceptions showed the combinations 002:01/009:01/001:01, rarely the combination 015:01/009:01/001:01 and later was added the very rarely combination 020:01/009:01 /001:01 added. As a result, there is unfortunately a fundamental breed-related tendency to DMS, with 3%. There is another extremely rare DLA variant, with the combination 006:01/050:11/007:01. Because of the small number, it is unfortunately not yet possible to say whether the risk is lower here. But even if it were, a breeding selection would hardly be feasible due to its rarity. Since the greatest variance occurs with DLA-DRB1, we suggested that this value be given on the reports instead of the DQA1 value as before. Nowadays, to simplify things, it is common to designate the most common variant 002:01 with the risk gene "C" and all other variants, such as 015:01, 020:01 and 006:01 with a "c", although not really it is certain that the risk is actually falling, that remains to be observed, they will be given further on. The other two factors are two high-risk genes called "A" (PAN2) and "B" (MAP3K7CL). The affected genes are important in the area of ​​inflammation regulation. DMS can also be described as an inability to properly regulate inflammatory reactions. Since the genes are always duplicated (alleles), they can be intercepted by free genes "a" and "b" ("Aa" or "Bb"), so that the risk of the disease is reduced. In general, "B" is less common than "A" in Collies. Interestingly, merle gen is always linked to an "a". According to the research results of 2016, the risk assessment of the genetic test is enclosed:

Basic risk (ca. 3%):  aa bb

Low risk (ca. 4%):  Aa bb  &  aa Bb & Aa Bb

Moderate risk (ca. 39%):  AA bb & aa BB 

High risk (ca. 90%): Aa BB & AA Bb

Very high risk (ca. 97%): AA BB

The risk test is not a means of detecting the disease, this can only be done via appropriate biopsies on the affected areas. It is merely a risk evaluation. This also does not mean that every genetically affected dog will automatically become ill, it just has a moderate or high risk of developing the disease. Conversely, there is a dog with the lowest possible risk, but still a residual risk, of developing the disease, since there is no level, of no risk, according to current scientific knowledge. Even if up to now, according to the current state of knowledge, in our association "American Collies Europe e.V." Since no puppy has yet been born with DMS, it is particularly important to us that only Collies are born in the future that do not have a high risk of developing this disease. Therefore, ideally at least one breeding partner should be genetically free for the respective risk genes "A" and "B", i.e. DMS "aa" and "bb". This can also be alternating, i.e. one breeding partner is free for the risk gene "A", i.e. "aa" (noncarrier) and the other breeding partner is free for the risk gene "B", i.e. "bb" (noncarrier). In this way, the risk for the puppies that are born can be reduced to the lowest possible level of 3% or 4% in the long term. However, since only 22% of all collies currently have the combination aa bb, the problem cannot be solved overnight, otherwise the collie breed would soon no longer exist. In addition, the DMS risk was also caused by too narrow breeding selection and because Collie breeding worldwide is based on very few collies. If you then consider that only comparatively few collies traveled from Europe to America and only a few of them were used to breed there, then that didn't improve the situation. So the first long-term goal is and remains heterozygosity, in which affected genes are covered by free ones in order to generally reduce the risk in the breed. Ideally, collies with higher risk should only be bred collies with a lower risk.

The DMS test (note: special restrictions when choosing a laboratory) is strongly recommended for all breeding dogs. This test is only voluntary, if a breeding partner can prove the genetically low risk DMS aa bb. Otherwise, both breeding partners must have been genetically tested for DMS or the genetic status must be clearly verifiable through parenthood. In this way it can be ensured that no puppy is born in the “American Collies Europe e.V.” association that has a high risk of DMS.

IPD (Inflammatory pulmonary disease)

IPD is a recurrent inflammatory lung disease with an inherited background. It usually breaks out at the breeder's home a few days after birth. The dogs suffer from repeated foamy vomiting, nasal discharge, fever, only breathe shallowly, have increased breathing noises and cough. Medications, such as antibiotics and secretolytics, only help for a short time, after which there are rapid relapses. Two long-haired collies described in one study were still alive after three years with frequent yellowish nasal discharge. The rare disease appears to occur predominantly in British Rough Collie lines. Usually only homozygous affected animals show symptoms. So, it seems to be inherited recessively and both parents must carry an affected gene. There was also found that an inheritance must be involved, since an accumulation of this disease occurred after mating with a certain male (the name is not published publicly). This shows how important it is to deal with problems openly and pass them on, so that such clusters are noticed at all. Ultimately, it's about the health of our breed. On the initiative of some breeders, in collaboration with Laboklin and Prof. Leeb from the University of Bern, a corresponding mutation for IPD in the so-called AKNA gene (which regulates inflammation) was identified and a genetic test developed for this purpose, which has recently (2019) on the Market is (Laboklin). The study is available here: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/10/8/567/htm. Ideally, at least one breeding partner should be genetically free (noncarrier), i.e. IPD + / + or N / N, so that the birth of affected puppies can be completely ruled out. If the risk situation worsens, at least one mating partner must be genetically unaffected (IPD +/+, respectively N/N). By this, the birth of homozygous IPD affected puppies can completely be prevented within the association “American Collies Europe”! In general, efforts are made to ensure that Collies are tested with a possibly increased risk.

MH (Maligne Hyperthermie):

This genetical defect can occur among all breeds, but fortunately is rather scarce among collies. It is a drug intolerance that affects specifically the striated muscles. Massive cramp attacks, cardiac arrhythmia as well as rise of body temperature (hyperthermia) culminating in disintegration of the muscle cells (rhabdomyolysis) can be caused by administration of particular medicine for inhalation anesthesia or muscle relaxation. The metabolic products can cause massive kidney problems right up to organ failure and death, if not treated immediately in a competent manner. The test is voluntary as the disease rarely occurs among collies. Here again one mating partner should ideally be genetically unaffected (non-carrier), i.e. MH+/+ resp. N/N to avoid the possibility of affected puppies.

HUU (Hyperurikosurie / Hyperurikämie):

This is a genetical defect of the urea metabolism (purine). In contrast to humans and if the dog is healthy, the end product uric acid is further degraded to allantoin that is better water soluble. This process is impaired if the dog is HUU affected by a mutation of the SLC2A9 gene. This can lead to gout and formation of urinary calculi by subsequent crystalline residues. The test is voluntary as the disease rarely occurs among collies. Here again one mating partner should ideally be genetically unaffected (non-carrier), i.e. HUU +/+ resp. N/N to avoid the possibility of affected puppies. In the past, HUU was listed under the name SLC.

AVK (Ahnenverlustkoeffizient = ancestor-loss coefficient for preservation of the genetic diversity of the individual):

To preserve the genetic diversity of each individual dog to a high degree, the AVK of the puppies must not fall below 86% over 4 generations. This implies the prohibition of inbreeding or tight line breeding. Only with as many diverse genes as possible (heterozygosity) the individuals of a breed can remain as healthy as possible in the long run. It is possible to obtain an exemption for an AVK of at least 80% for the mating with imported dogs from America - that are often bread very tightly - or their descendants in the first or where appropriate second generation. In these cases it must be ensured that there will be no further deprivation of the ancestors. Finally, the breeding commission decides by the majority.

IK (Inzuchtkoeffizient = inbreeding coefficient):

The IK – in contrast to the AVK – also incorporates the closeness of relatives. Thus, double ancestors that are more distant (like great-great grandparents) have less severe influence than if e.g. the father would appear several times. It is recommended that the IK of puppies should not exceed approximately 6%. Furthermore, the circumstance of double ancestors should generally be avoided during the first three generations to preserve and promote the diversity and variety of genes.

No Popular Sire Syndrome (preservation of a large gene pool for the whole breed):

The excessive use of an individual stud dog should be avoided to preserve the genetic diversity of the breed. The more dogs are related the smaller the gene pool of the breed will get. Some diseases and other defects only develop at a higher age. Should affected dogs have produced abundant offspring, there is the danger that these defects have spread unintentionally.

American Lines:

The aspired goal is to have at least 50% (good if more) of American bloodlines (collies bred in the U.S. or Canada over several generations). More important for preserving the breed however is in the long run the conservation of the genetic diversity (of the individual) as well as the large gene pool (of the breed). Especially important is appearance (according to the original American breed standard), besides character etc. of mating partners particularly with regard to the expected puppies.

Character:

It is very important that character and temper are taken into consideration when choosing mating partners. It should especially be looked at how already existing offspring developed. It should be considered whether I want to breed rather calm dogs or very active ones. Do I have enough interested parties being able to meet the particular challenges? Or should I rather aim at breeding dogs of medium temper.

Exterior:

The goal of breeding always is to breed for a dog that resembles the ideal picture of the American Collie most closely. To achieve this, one has to deal with the potential of available mating partners. Good judges and breed wardens can surely support with this. While choosing mating partners it must never be forgotten that it is not a question of breeding the dog with the optimal health values, but rather the overall package has to be right.

Color specifics:

Color variants like Double Merles (genetically homozygous carriers of Merle (M/M), originating from a mating of two dogs carrying the Merle factor) are excluded from breeding according to animal protection laws, even if there are variants that do not pose any health risks are to be expected. Even an envisaged mating that might result in such puppies is not allowed! Only one mating partner may carry the Merle factor at maximum, as a heterozygous carrier of the Merle Gen (m/M). Should the Merle status of a dog not be ensured, especially if Merle is available by the parents and grandparents, but also if there is a risk for Hidden Merles (Merle that is external not visible), the dog must be genetically tested before the breeding application to be able to exclude later mating of two merles. Ideally, every breeding candidate will be tested for Merle, so that we know exact the alleles. Even when mating with a Merle, the Merle factor should ideally be determined for each puppy so that it can be registered in the pedigree. For puppies born by such a Merle mating and no visible Merle, this ensures that there is no unknown Hidden Merles (e.g. Sable Merle, Cryptic Merle, Minimal Merle). Buyers of puppies with Merle factor must be informed by the breeder before purchase that the dogs, even across breeds, must never be bred with other Merles in accordance with legal requirements! It must also be pointed out that in many dogs the Merle factor is not visible, so that no "accidents" must occur, so that the birth of Double Merles can safely be excluded. This ensures that the eyes and inner ears always have enough pigment to function fully. This is why Harlequins/Fawnequins & Minimal Merles (both m/Mh) must not be bred with collies that have a White factor and/or a blaze that extends to the forehead. With all White variants (such as Piebald & Irish Pattern) it is always important to ensure that the head remains completely colored (color head), as required by the breed standard. This also means that excessively large blazes are undesirable. Ideally, dogs with very large blazes should only be bred with those without blazes. A split face is undesirable. (Further information can be found here, including detailed information about Merle, here: Collie Colors).

Mental maturity:

Bitches must be at least 22 months of age for breeding, stud dogs must be at least 18 months of age.

Quality before quantity:

Besides complying with above mentioned values that ensure and enhance the quality, it must also be considered that a dog should not be used for breeding excessively. For the stud dogs this was described under the point “Popular Sire Syndrome”. Bitches should be used for breeding in a way that there is at least a period of one year between successful mating. One should also aim at a recovery period of at least on year between litters; our bitches are no birthing machines! An overuse will inevitably result in a decrease in quality of the puppies and this must never happen! This is the reason why only four litters are allowed for a bitch throughout her lifetime.

The breeding permission for a bitch expires when the 7th birthday is reached. A one year extension can be acquired if a health certificate together with a clearance certification for further breeding issued by a veterinarian is presented. Concluding, the breeding commission decides by the majority.

The breeding permission for stud dogs expires when the 8th birthday is reached. An extension can be acquired, especially if the sperm of the dog is very valuable for the breed. Concluding, the breeding commission decides by the majority.

Data collection:

To be able to keep high-quality standards long-term and to optimize them further, it is essential that irregularities (anomalies, diseases, etc.) are reported to the stud book office. The data is collected and interpreted. According to the cause, frequency, etc. further appropriate measures can be applied to optimize future breeding further.

 

VII. Breeding Provision

Requirements

Shortly before the mating, stud dog and bitch should be examined by a veterinarian for possible germs in the genital area. Only dogs that are completely healthy are allowed to mate. The examination results must be brought to the mating and mutually be inspected by the owner of the bitch as well as the owner of the stud dog.

Hormone treatment to accelerate the ovulation of the bitch is strictly forbidden.

Only puppies originating from an accepted mating will receive a pedigree.

Artificial insemination is allowed, but should only be performed by expert personnel; preferably in a specialized clinic. Physical anomalies that could prevent natural mating and natural birth should be excluded either by means of a medical examination or by the fact that the bitch already has given natural birth to puppies after a natural mating. The first mating of a bitch must have occurred before her 5th birthday. Should a bitch have had two caesarean sections, she must be excluded from breeding. Several litters in parallel should not be brought up in the same kennel. In general, not more than four litters per year should be brought up within one kennel.

It is allowed to use bitches for breeding that are not owned by the breeder, as well as bitches that are owned by the breeder but live in another household. The same requirements do apply as for any other bitch used for breeding. Furthermore, the breeder has to care for the bitch being kept appropriate to the species at all times and being in excellent care and health condition. The breeder should personally be present at any mating. Moreover, it must be taken care that the bitch has the necessary peace after the mating and receives all precautionary measures and especially a nutrition that is appropriate for each state of pregnancy. Should any of this not be possible in another household, the bitch has to be moved to the breeder. Two weeks before the expected date of birth at the latest, the bitch has to be moved to the breeder’s household. There as well, everything has to be stress-free to enable the bitch to give birth to the puppies and bring them up in a peaceful environment. This also includes the necessity that the bitch gets along well with other dogs that may live in the same household. A good integration into the environment is very important and should in any case have been taken care of before the mating.

Collies recognized by the association Amerikanische Collies Europa e.V. (AC e.V.) may only be bred in this association, otherwise a further breeding license expires.

 

Breeding Application

Breeders that are accepted by the association “American Collies Europe” and either have a preliminary acceptance of their kennel from “American Collies Europe” or are accepted kennel “American Collies Europe” can place a breeding application at the studbook office. Both intended mating partners must be accepted by “American Collies Europe”. Specific templates are available for the breeding application and the application must be placed at the studbook office. This can also be done electronically and should be submitted four weeks before the planned mating date at the latest. It must be completed in the Word program and E-mailed tot he studbook office as a Word file. Up to three accepted stud dogs can be listed. As health values are very important to us, we work with special breed steering programs. Only a mating that fulfills all requirements of the breeding regulations will be approved. Only dogs originating from an approved mating receive pedigrees of the association “American Collies Europe”.

Mating Notification

Within a week after the last mating of an approved connection, the mating must be reported to the studbook office by sending the mating notification (specific template). This can also be done electronically. All mating dates must be registered on this template and it must be signed by the owner of the bitch as well as the owner of the stud dog.

Remain Empty

Remain empty of a bitch must be reported in writing to the owner of a stud dog as well as to the studbook office, within one week after acknowledgement. This can also be done electronically.

Litter Notification

The birth of puppies must be reported to the studbook office as well as to the owner of the stud dog within one week by sending the Litter Notification (specific template). This can also be done electronically. The course of birth as well as possible stillbirths or puppies that died later or had to be euthanized must be reported; same applies to all peculiarities or abnormalities in relation to the birth, the puppies or the bitch. Should these occur at a later stage, this has to be reported immediately. Caesarean sections must be reported as well, including the reasons for this measure.

Naming Conventions

In addition to the kennel name that has been registered with and approved by the association “American Herding Dogs Europe”, all puppies must receive a name that starts with A (first litter), B (second litter), etc. – to be continued in alphabetical order. The names must be unique and most not be used twice.

Rearing

Certain health requirements and quality feature have to be met when rearing the offspring. Only then, puppies receive a pedigree paper. A copy of all results has to be handed in at the studbook office.

 

Health:

The puppies shall be in a perfect grooming, nutrition and health condition while being brought up.

Genetic Profile:

Each individual on earth possesses a unique DNA profile and so does each puppy. As soon as the puppies are at least one week of age, a buccal swab (specific template) is gathered and sent to an accepted laboratory (specific template) where the genetic profiles of the parents are deposited as well. The examination also is a prerequisite for proving the evidence of parenthood. Each buyer of a puppy receives the original DNA profile of his puppy!

Parentage Test:

The genetic profile of each puppy is compared with the genetic profiles of both parents. The parenthood is ensured if they can be assigned unambiguously. Each buyer of a puppy receives the original parentage test of his puppy!

MDR1:

The MDR1 status must be ascertained unambiguously. If at least one parent is carrier (MDR1+/-), several MDR1 results are possible for the puppy. In this case, it is mandatory to determine the MDR1 status. As soon as the puppies are a half week of age, a buccal swab (specific template) is gathered and sent to an accepted laboratory. Thus each buyer of a puppy receives the exact MDR1 status of his puppy registered on the pedigree paper. If a separate examination was performed, each buyer of a puppy receives the original examination result document of his puppy!

Further genetic examinations:

Further genetic examinations are of course possible (specific templates). Each breeder decides for himself, which of these are important for him or maybe for the buyers. All examination results from accepted laboratories that have been sent to the stood book office before the pedigree paper is issued will be registered on the pedigree of the association “American Collies Europe”! Each buyer of a puppy receives the original examination result documents of his puppy!

Deworming:

All puppies must be dewormed between two and four times, before the vaccination as they subject to an increased susceptibility for infections in the first weeks of life. It is reasonable to alter the medication. The names and where appropriate the ingredients of the drugs must be registered together with the dates when they were applied on the certificate of litter that are given to the puppy buyers. Each puppy buyer should take this protocol with him at the first visit to a veterinarian, so that further dispensations can be carefully selected.

Microchip:

A microchip has to be implanted by a veterinarian before the eye examination with 6 – 7 weeks of age. At the same time the puppies receive an EU pet passport and the number of the microchip is also registered into this document (see below). Thus, each puppy is identifiable by using a particular chip reading device.

EU Pet Passport:

Each puppy must receive its individual passport. The EU pet passport is an important document. All vaccinations are registered in it and it must be carried along and possibly presented when travelling abroad. It is also required for attending exhibitions, fairs, etc. It verifies the protection against rabies three weeks after the primary vaccination if the dog has regularly been vaccinated (sometimes 30 days or even a titer determination are demanded). In some federal states (e.g. North Rhine-Westphalia) the passport is mandatory for bigger dogs. It also is a prerequisite for the registration with TASSO. Each buyer of a puppy receives the original EU pet passport for his puppy!

Eye examination:

With 6 – 7 weeks of age, all puppies must be examined by an ophthalmologist for hereditary eye diseases. Each buyer of a puppy receives the original examination document of his puppy!

Vaccination:

With 8 weeks until latest 12 weeks of age, all puppies must be vaccinated according to the specifications of the Standing Vaccination Committee. If a National Standing Vaccination Committee does not exist, the specifications of the WSAVA (World Small Animal Veterinary Association) do apply. The puppies must not be handed over before they are vaccinated! Vaccination against distemper, parvovirus, hepatitis and leptospirosis i demanded for example in Germany. In special cases of exposure particular vaccinations, like against parvovirus, can be moved up in time on the basis of veterinarian consultation. Apart from that, the basic immunization is only allowed upon the day the puppies are 8 weeks of age. The vaccinations must be registered into the EU Pet Passport that every puppy buyer receives.

Litter Control:

Each litter must be accepted by a representative of the association “American Collies Europe”. The Original of the litter Certificate must be sent immediately to the studbook office. Normally the litter control takes place immediately after vaccination. In this process all above mentioned examinations must have been performed and requirements been met. All the important examination results must be verifiable. If everything is complete, the pedigree papers are handed over by the studbook office.

Pedigree:

Each puppy receives its own pedigree paper from the association “American Collies Europe” if the breeder has met all requirements with his dogs. It contains the exact complete ancestry for four generations with all verifiable health values of the puppy or otherwise appropriate reference to the deposited health values of the parents. It proves the purchase of a puppy from a reputable breeder with a kennel that is certified by the association “American Collies Europe”. Each buyer of a puppy receives the original pedigree paper of his puppy from “American Collies Europe”, after his consent, including completely filling out and signing the form "Consent to the data transfer to the stud book office of the association "American Collies Europe". The breeder forwards the original to this stud book office at short notice, which is fundamentally obliged by the veterinary office to collect such data, in the context of epidemic protection etc..

Registration at a Central Dog Register:

The breeder registers each puppy, latest immediately after pickup in the name of the buyer at a central dog register that is accepted by the association “American Collies Europe”. This makes it easier to get the dog back to its owner in case it got lost.

Contact data:

According tot he veterinary regulations, the studbook office is obliged to store the names, addresses and contact datas oft he dog owners. There are special forms to fill in by the new owner, which also regulate the right of data transfer from the breeder to the studbook office. The breeder must submit the completed and signed forms in the original to the studbook office. Only then can the Pedigrees be delivered to the new owners. Also by later change of ownership the datas must be forwarded to the studbook office.

Delivery:

Puppies may be handed over earliest with eight weeks of age. It is imperative that they have been vaccinated and the litter acceptance has been performed prior to handover. In addition, all required examination results must have been previously received by the studbook office. Only then can the pedigrees be issued. If the litter control has been carried out by a veterinarian, in agreement with the studbook office, the litter certificate must be presented immediately to the studbook office (in advance via E-Mail). If all requirements are met, the studbook office gives the approval. Only then can puppies and pedigrees be handed over.

Offspring assessment:

To keep an eye on the quality of the offspring, the studbook office periodically sends a questionnaire to all puppy buyers. For this purpose the studbook office needs the contact data of all puppy buyers. All breeders are prompted to send the buyer’s contact data and mail address to the studbook office latest four weeks after selling a puppy. Of course this must be agreed upon by the buyer and the information is kept confidential and is not forwarded to anybody. It is desirable that as many offspring as possible is presented at the exhibitions of the association “American Collies Europe” or its umbrella association “American Herding Dogs Europe” to keep track of the breeding developments.

Consultation and Support after the purchase:

It should be self-evident that consultation and support for the puppy buyer does not end with the handover of the dog. Each breeder should be dedicated to support puppies as well as puppy buyers and counsel in a friendly manner! In addition, if you are a member of the club American Collies Europe (Amerikanische Collies Europa e.V.), you will receive regular written information and news about the breed, which is still rare in Europe, and regular meetings are also offered. You will receive the membership application with you when you buy a puppy from the breeder.

Recognition of titles:

The only recognised Championships are Junior Championship, the National Championship and the International Championship. Titles such as GCH, BOB, BOS, BIS (S), European(junior)winner etc. will be only recognized, if they are from our (umbrella)association, as well as by other Collies Special Breed Clubs, AKC, CKC, FCI, KC and other equivalent clubs. That means only these titles are noted in the stud book and kept at the respective dogs. Even these only come on the club website.

 

VIII. Fees

The current fees are documented in the scale of fees.

 

IX. Changes

Changes to the breeding regulations require the approval of the General Assembly. The breeding commission is authorized to carry out short-term changes to the breeding regulations, which are then put to the vote at the next regular general meeting.

 

X. Approved

The order was approved on 12 November 2023, by the general meeting in Neulußheim and enters into force immediately.

 

 

 

 

Breeding

 

 

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